АУТОИММУННЫЕ ЭНЦЕФАЛИТЫ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ, РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Abstract

Abstract. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory brain disorders mediated by antibodies against neuronal antigens, with a prevalence comparable to that of infectious encephalitis. This review summarizes current data on the epidemiology, classification and clinical features of anti-NMDA receptor and anti-LGI1 encephalitis, diagnostic criteria, laboratory and instrumental diagnosis, first- and second-line immunotherapy and prognostic scores. A normal MRI and the absence of CSF pleocytosis do not exclude the diagnosis, while early immunotherapy and timely escalation of treatment are key determinants of a favourable outcome.

Keywords: autoimmune encephalitis, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, LGI1, diagnostic criteria, immunotherapy, NEOS score.