Antibiotic resistance as a global epidemiological threat.

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global threats to modern public health, significantly impacting morbidity, mortality, and the economic burden on healthcare systems. The spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms significantly limits the effective treatment of infectious diseases and complicates the provision of medical care. This article provides an overview of current data on the state of antibiotic resistance, analyzes the epidemiological mechanisms of resistance development, and examines the hospital- and community-acquired aspects of the spread of resistant pathogens. Particular attention is paid to key control and prevention strategies, including the rational use of antimicrobials, the development of epidemiological surveillance systems, and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs. The need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to containing antibiotic resistance at the national and international levels is emphasized.